full length mouse cbx3 Search Results


99
IBA Lifesciences human cbx3
Human Cbx3, supplied by IBA Lifesciences, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Santa Cruz Biotechnology antibodies against cbx3 hp1
Antibodies Against Cbx3 Hp1, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Proteintech anti cbx3 11650-2-ap
Anti Cbx3 11650 2 Ap, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Proteintech rabbit anti cbx3 proteintech
Rabbit Anti Cbx3 Proteintech, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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91
Bethyl rabbit anti cbx3
Rabbit Anti Cbx3, supplied by Bethyl, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 91/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 91 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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90
OriGene full length mouse cbx3
Full Length Mouse Cbx3, supplied by OriGene, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
full length mouse cbx3 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
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96
Proteintech binds to flag tag epitope
Binds To Flag Tag Epitope, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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90
Euromedex mouse anti-hp1 antibodies anti-cbx5 2hp-1h5
Mouse Anti Hp1 Antibodies Anti Cbx5 2hp 1h5, supplied by Euromedex, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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94
Santa Cruz Biotechnology cbx3
( A ) FLAG-tagged <t>CBX3</t> was immunoprecipitated from 293T cells and subjected to MS analysis to identify CBX3 interacting proteins. ( B ) The list of top hits proteins from CBX3 MS. ( C ) Western blot (WB) analysis of whole-cell lysates (WCL) and anti-CBX3 immunoprecipitations (IPs) derived from PC-3 cells. ( D ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-RPA2 IPs derived from PC-3 cells. ( E ) Colocalization of CBX3 with RPA2 foci after noted drug treatment or transfected with indicated small interfering RNA (siRNA) in U2OS cells. Scale bar, 10 μm. ( F ) Quantitation of average CBX3 foci number in each cell. Data were presented as means ± SD of more than 200 cells from three biological replicates. n.s., not significant. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( G ) Replication fork-bound proteins were isolated by the iPOND assay with control and RPA2 knockdown U2OS cells. ( H ) Schematic diagram depicting a set of GST-RPA2 recombinant protein constructs. ( I ) WB analysis of Flag-CBX3 proteins in U2OS cells pulled down by GST or GST-RPA2 recombinant proteins. ( J ) Schematic diagram depicting a set of GST-CBX3 recombinant protein constructs. ( K ) WB of His-RPA2 proteins in U2OS cells pulled down by GST or GST-CBX3 recombinant proteins. ( L and M ) U2OS cells transfected with Flag-CBX3 proteins were subjected to immunofluorescence staining (IFC) after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (L) and quantitative data are shown in (M). Scale bar, 10 μm. Data were shown as the mean ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. IgG, immunoglobulin.
Cbx3, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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91
Bethyl hp1γ cbx3 immunolabeling
Persistent hyperemic foci exhibit evidence of dermal senescence. ( A – E ) Dermal cells in areas of high Hgb content exhibit a heterochromatin pattern of DAPI staining. After excision of skin from mice treated with and without UV at 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments, the sections were stained with DAPI to better demonstrate nuclear morphology. Nuclei of dermal cells showing a heterochromatin staining pattern are shown by white arrows while nuclei exhibiting a euchromatin pattern of DAPI staining are shown by yellow arrows. The hatched white line outlines the epidermal-dermal junction. The white scale bar represents 50 µm. ( A ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( B ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( C ) Control non-UV treated skin. ( D ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. ( E ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. (F – J ) Representative photomigrographs of skin following <t>immunolabeling</t> with anti-p16 INK4a antibodies. ( F ) Control non-UV treated epidermis. ( G , H ) Skin excised 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments from an area of low Hgb content ( G ) or from an area of high Hgb content ( H ). ( I , J ) Skin excised from a low Hgb area ( I ) or a high Hgb area ( J ) at 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Black arrows in ( H , J ) show dermal cells with enlarged nuclei labeling positive for p16 INK4a . The black scale bars represent 100 µm. ( K ) <t>HP1γ</t> + dermal cells are increased in hyperemic areas at both 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Immunofluorescent (IF) labeling of formalin-fixed skin sections was performed using anti-HP1γ and anti-pancytokeratin (CK) antibody. The data depicts the % of dermal cells positive for HP1γ nuclear labeling. ( L ) Dermal cells positive for nuclear γH2AX are also increased in hyperemic areas only at 2 and 20 weeks post-UV. IF was performed for both nuclear γH2AX immunolabeling and CK. The data shown is the percentage of γH2AX + dermal cells relative to all CK negative cells. (ns = non-significant; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001).
Hp1γ Cbx3 Immunolabeling, supplied by Bethyl, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 91/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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90
Millipore mouse anti-cbx3
Persistent hyperemic foci exhibit evidence of dermal senescence. ( A – E ) Dermal cells in areas of high Hgb content exhibit a heterochromatin pattern of DAPI staining. After excision of skin from mice treated with and without UV at 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments, the sections were stained with DAPI to better demonstrate nuclear morphology. Nuclei of dermal cells showing a heterochromatin staining pattern are shown by white arrows while nuclei exhibiting a euchromatin pattern of DAPI staining are shown by yellow arrows. The hatched white line outlines the epidermal-dermal junction. The white scale bar represents 50 µm. ( A ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( B ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( C ) Control non-UV treated skin. ( D ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. ( E ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. (F – J ) Representative photomigrographs of skin following <t>immunolabeling</t> with anti-p16 INK4a antibodies. ( F ) Control non-UV treated epidermis. ( G , H ) Skin excised 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments from an area of low Hgb content ( G ) or from an area of high Hgb content ( H ). ( I , J ) Skin excised from a low Hgb area ( I ) or a high Hgb area ( J ) at 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Black arrows in ( H , J ) show dermal cells with enlarged nuclei labeling positive for p16 INK4a . The black scale bars represent 100 µm. ( K ) <t>HP1γ</t> + dermal cells are increased in hyperemic areas at both 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Immunofluorescent (IF) labeling of formalin-fixed skin sections was performed using anti-HP1γ and anti-pancytokeratin (CK) antibody. The data depicts the % of dermal cells positive for HP1γ nuclear labeling. ( L ) Dermal cells positive for nuclear γH2AX are also increased in hyperemic areas only at 2 and 20 weeks post-UV. IF was performed for both nuclear γH2AX immunolabeling and CK. The data shown is the percentage of γH2AX + dermal cells relative to all CK negative cells. (ns = non-significant; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001).
Mouse Anti Cbx3, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/mouse anti-cbx3/product/Millipore
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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90
Millipore anti-hp1γ (cbx3) mouse monoclonal antibody clone 42s2
Persistent hyperemic foci exhibit evidence of dermal senescence. ( A – E ) Dermal cells in areas of high Hgb content exhibit a heterochromatin pattern of DAPI staining. After excision of skin from mice treated with and without UV at 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments, the sections were stained with DAPI to better demonstrate nuclear morphology. Nuclei of dermal cells showing a heterochromatin staining pattern are shown by white arrows while nuclei exhibiting a euchromatin pattern of DAPI staining are shown by yellow arrows. The hatched white line outlines the epidermal-dermal junction. The white scale bar represents 50 µm. ( A ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( B ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( C ) Control non-UV treated skin. ( D ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. ( E ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. (F – J ) Representative photomigrographs of skin following <t>immunolabeling</t> with anti-p16 INK4a antibodies. ( F ) Control non-UV treated epidermis. ( G , H ) Skin excised 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments from an area of low Hgb content ( G ) or from an area of high Hgb content ( H ). ( I , J ) Skin excised from a low Hgb area ( I ) or a high Hgb area ( J ) at 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Black arrows in ( H , J ) show dermal cells with enlarged nuclei labeling positive for p16 INK4a . The black scale bars represent 100 µm. ( K ) <t>HP1γ</t> + dermal cells are increased in hyperemic areas at both 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Immunofluorescent (IF) labeling of formalin-fixed skin sections was performed using anti-HP1γ and anti-pancytokeratin (CK) antibody. The data depicts the % of dermal cells positive for HP1γ nuclear labeling. ( L ) Dermal cells positive for nuclear γH2AX are also increased in hyperemic areas only at 2 and 20 weeks post-UV. IF was performed for both nuclear γH2AX immunolabeling and CK. The data shown is the percentage of γH2AX + dermal cells relative to all CK negative cells. (ns = non-significant; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001).
Anti Hp1γ (Cbx3) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Clone 42s2, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/anti-hp1γ (cbx3) mouse monoclonal antibody clone 42s2/product/Millipore
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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Image Search Results


( A ) FLAG-tagged CBX3 was immunoprecipitated from 293T cells and subjected to MS analysis to identify CBX3 interacting proteins. ( B ) The list of top hits proteins from CBX3 MS. ( C ) Western blot (WB) analysis of whole-cell lysates (WCL) and anti-CBX3 immunoprecipitations (IPs) derived from PC-3 cells. ( D ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-RPA2 IPs derived from PC-3 cells. ( E ) Colocalization of CBX3 with RPA2 foci after noted drug treatment or transfected with indicated small interfering RNA (siRNA) in U2OS cells. Scale bar, 10 μm. ( F ) Quantitation of average CBX3 foci number in each cell. Data were presented as means ± SD of more than 200 cells from three biological replicates. n.s., not significant. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( G ) Replication fork-bound proteins were isolated by the iPOND assay with control and RPA2 knockdown U2OS cells. ( H ) Schematic diagram depicting a set of GST-RPA2 recombinant protein constructs. ( I ) WB analysis of Flag-CBX3 proteins in U2OS cells pulled down by GST or GST-RPA2 recombinant proteins. ( J ) Schematic diagram depicting a set of GST-CBX3 recombinant protein constructs. ( K ) WB of His-RPA2 proteins in U2OS cells pulled down by GST or GST-CBX3 recombinant proteins. ( L and M ) U2OS cells transfected with Flag-CBX3 proteins were subjected to immunofluorescence staining (IFC) after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (L) and quantitative data are shown in (M). Scale bar, 10 μm. Data were shown as the mean ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. IgG, immunoglobulin.

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8908

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) FLAG-tagged CBX3 was immunoprecipitated from 293T cells and subjected to MS analysis to identify CBX3 interacting proteins. ( B ) The list of top hits proteins from CBX3 MS. ( C ) Western blot (WB) analysis of whole-cell lysates (WCL) and anti-CBX3 immunoprecipitations (IPs) derived from PC-3 cells. ( D ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-RPA2 IPs derived from PC-3 cells. ( E ) Colocalization of CBX3 with RPA2 foci after noted drug treatment or transfected with indicated small interfering RNA (siRNA) in U2OS cells. Scale bar, 10 μm. ( F ) Quantitation of average CBX3 foci number in each cell. Data were presented as means ± SD of more than 200 cells from three biological replicates. n.s., not significant. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( G ) Replication fork-bound proteins were isolated by the iPOND assay with control and RPA2 knockdown U2OS cells. ( H ) Schematic diagram depicting a set of GST-RPA2 recombinant protein constructs. ( I ) WB analysis of Flag-CBX3 proteins in U2OS cells pulled down by GST or GST-RPA2 recombinant proteins. ( J ) Schematic diagram depicting a set of GST-CBX3 recombinant protein constructs. ( K ) WB of His-RPA2 proteins in U2OS cells pulled down by GST or GST-CBX3 recombinant proteins. ( L and M ) U2OS cells transfected with Flag-CBX3 proteins were subjected to immunofluorescence staining (IFC) after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (L) and quantitative data are shown in (M). Scale bar, 10 μm. Data were shown as the mean ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. IgG, immunoglobulin.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were CBX3 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-398562), CBX1 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 10241-2-AP), CBX5 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 11831-1-AP), RPA2 (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 35869), RPA1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-271564), RPA3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 42206), HA.11 (1:1000; Covance, catalog no. MMS-101R), RFWD3 (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab222149), UNG2 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-390255), SMARCAL1 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-376377), Myc (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-40), Flag (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, catalog no. F-3165), extracellular signal–regulated kinase 2 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-1647), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 9718), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 80312S), phospho-RPA2 (S4/S8) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab87277), phospho-RPA2 (T21) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab61065), CHK1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8408), phospho CHK1 (S345) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 2348), ubiquitin (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8017), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-47724), CDH1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-56312), CDC20 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-13162), and His (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-53073).

Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Derivative Assay, Transfection, Small Interfering RNA, Quantitation Assay, Two Tailed Test, Isolation, Control, Knockdown, Recombinant, Construct, Immunofluorescence, Staining

( A and B ) U2OS cells infected with lentivirus expressing control or sh CBX3 were subjected to IFC after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (A) and quantitative data are shown in (B). Scale bar, 10 μm. Data were shown as the mean ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student's t test, *** P < 0.001. ( C ) Replication fork-bound proteins were isolated by the iPOND assay with control and CBX3 knockdown U2OS cells. ( D ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-His IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment. ( E ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-RPA2 IPs derived from PC-3 control and CBX3 knockdown cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment. ( F ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-His IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment. Both poly-ubiquitinated and primary-ubiquitinated RPA2 (asterisk) were observed. ( G ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-RPA2 IPs derived from PC-3 control and CBX3 knockdown cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment. Both poly-ubiquitinated and primary-ubiquitinated RPA2 (asterisk) were observed. ( H and I ) U2OS control or CBX3 knockdown cells were reconstituted with WT or V22M mutant CBX3 and subjected to IFC after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (H) and quantitative data were shown in (I). Scale bar, 10 μm. Data were shown as the means ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student's t test, *** P < 0.001. ( J ) WB analysis of WCL and chromatin binding proteins derived from PC-3 control and CBX3 knockdown cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment.

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8908

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A and B ) U2OS cells infected with lentivirus expressing control or sh CBX3 were subjected to IFC after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (A) and quantitative data are shown in (B). Scale bar, 10 μm. Data were shown as the mean ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student's t test, *** P < 0.001. ( C ) Replication fork-bound proteins were isolated by the iPOND assay with control and CBX3 knockdown U2OS cells. ( D ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-His IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment. ( E ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-RPA2 IPs derived from PC-3 control and CBX3 knockdown cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment. ( F ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-His IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment. Both poly-ubiquitinated and primary-ubiquitinated RPA2 (asterisk) were observed. ( G ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-RPA2 IPs derived from PC-3 control and CBX3 knockdown cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment. Both poly-ubiquitinated and primary-ubiquitinated RPA2 (asterisk) were observed. ( H and I ) U2OS control or CBX3 knockdown cells were reconstituted with WT or V22M mutant CBX3 and subjected to IFC after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (H) and quantitative data were shown in (I). Scale bar, 10 μm. Data were shown as the means ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student's t test, *** P < 0.001. ( J ) WB analysis of WCL and chromatin binding proteins derived from PC-3 control and CBX3 knockdown cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by HU treatment.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were CBX3 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-398562), CBX1 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 10241-2-AP), CBX5 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 11831-1-AP), RPA2 (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 35869), RPA1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-271564), RPA3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 42206), HA.11 (1:1000; Covance, catalog no. MMS-101R), RFWD3 (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab222149), UNG2 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-390255), SMARCAL1 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-376377), Myc (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-40), Flag (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, catalog no. F-3165), extracellular signal–regulated kinase 2 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-1647), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 9718), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 80312S), phospho-RPA2 (S4/S8) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab87277), phospho-RPA2 (T21) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab61065), CHK1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8408), phospho CHK1 (S345) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 2348), ubiquitin (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8017), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-47724), CDH1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-56312), CDC20 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-13162), and His (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-53073).

Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Control, Two Tailed Test, Isolation, Knockdown, Derivative Assay, Transfection, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay

( A ) PC-3 cells were synchronized by thymidine and nocodazole double blockade. Cells were released and harvested at the indicated time points for WB analysis. ( B ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-CBX3 IPs derived from PC-3 cells. ( C ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-CDH1 IPs derived from PC-3 cells. ( D ) WB analysis of WCL derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids. ( E ) WB analysis of WCL derived from PC-3 control and CDH1 knockdown cells. ( F and G ) PC-3 control or CDH1 knockdown cells were treated with CHX (50 μg/μl) for WB (F). Protein bands were quantified as in (G). ( H ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-CBX3 IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by MG132 treatment. Both poly-ubiquitinated and primary-ubiquitinated CBX3 (asterisk) were observed. ( I ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-CBX3 IPs derived from PC-3 control and CDH1 knockdown cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by MG132 treatment. Both poly-ubiquitinated and primary-ubiquitinated CBX3 (asterisk) were observed. ( J ) Diagram showing predicted D-box from the online APC/C degron repository in CBX3. ( K ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-Flag IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids. ( L and M ) PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids were treated with CHX (50 μg/μl) for WB (L). Protein bands were quantified as in (M).

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8908

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) PC-3 cells were synchronized by thymidine and nocodazole double blockade. Cells were released and harvested at the indicated time points for WB analysis. ( B ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-CBX3 IPs derived from PC-3 cells. ( C ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-CDH1 IPs derived from PC-3 cells. ( D ) WB analysis of WCL derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids. ( E ) WB analysis of WCL derived from PC-3 control and CDH1 knockdown cells. ( F and G ) PC-3 control or CDH1 knockdown cells were treated with CHX (50 μg/μl) for WB (F). Protein bands were quantified as in (G). ( H ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-CBX3 IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by MG132 treatment. Both poly-ubiquitinated and primary-ubiquitinated CBX3 (asterisk) were observed. ( I ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-CBX3 IPs derived from PC-3 control and CDH1 knockdown cells transfected with indicated plasmids followed by MG132 treatment. Both poly-ubiquitinated and primary-ubiquitinated CBX3 (asterisk) were observed. ( J ) Diagram showing predicted D-box from the online APC/C degron repository in CBX3. ( K ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-Flag IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids. ( L and M ) PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids were treated with CHX (50 μg/μl) for WB (L). Protein bands were quantified as in (M).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were CBX3 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-398562), CBX1 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 10241-2-AP), CBX5 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 11831-1-AP), RPA2 (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 35869), RPA1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-271564), RPA3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 42206), HA.11 (1:1000; Covance, catalog no. MMS-101R), RFWD3 (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab222149), UNG2 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-390255), SMARCAL1 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-376377), Myc (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-40), Flag (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, catalog no. F-3165), extracellular signal–regulated kinase 2 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-1647), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 9718), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 80312S), phospho-RPA2 (S4/S8) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab87277), phospho-RPA2 (T21) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab61065), CHK1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8408), phospho CHK1 (S345) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 2348), ubiquitin (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8017), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-47724), CDH1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-56312), CDC20 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-13162), and His (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-53073).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Transfection, Control, Knockdown

( A ) WB analysis of Flag-CBX3 proteins in PC-3 cells pulled down by GST or GST-CDH1 recombinant proteins. ( B ) Diagram showing phosphorylation motifs from the D-box in CBX3. ( C ) WB analysis of WCL derived from PC-3 control and CK2 knockdown cells. ( D and E ) PC-3 control or CK2 knockdown cells were treated with CHX (50 μg/μl) for WB (D). Protein bands were quantified as in (E). ( F ) MS analysis reveals phosphorylation of CBX3 serine-95. ( G ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-Flag IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids. ( H ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-Flag IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids. ( I and J ) PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids were treated with CHX (50 μg/μl) for WB (I). Protein bands were quantified as in (J). ( K to M ) U2OS control or CBX3 knockdown cells were reconstituted with WT or V22M mutant CBX3 and subjected to IFC after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (K). Scale bar, 10 μm. Quantitative data of RFWD3 foci were shown in (L) and RPA2 foci were shown in (M). Data were shown as the mean ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001.

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8908

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) WB analysis of Flag-CBX3 proteins in PC-3 cells pulled down by GST or GST-CDH1 recombinant proteins. ( B ) Diagram showing phosphorylation motifs from the D-box in CBX3. ( C ) WB analysis of WCL derived from PC-3 control and CK2 knockdown cells. ( D and E ) PC-3 control or CK2 knockdown cells were treated with CHX (50 μg/μl) for WB (D). Protein bands were quantified as in (E). ( F ) MS analysis reveals phosphorylation of CBX3 serine-95. ( G ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-Flag IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids. ( H ) WB analysis of WCL and anti-Flag IPs derived from PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids. ( I and J ) PC-3 cells transfected with indicated plasmids were treated with CHX (50 μg/μl) for WB (I). Protein bands were quantified as in (J). ( K to M ) U2OS control or CBX3 knockdown cells were reconstituted with WT or V22M mutant CBX3 and subjected to IFC after HU treatment. Representative images were shown in (K). Scale bar, 10 μm. Quantitative data of RFWD3 foci were shown in (L) and RPA2 foci were shown in (M). Data were shown as the mean ± SD from three biological replicates, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were CBX3 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-398562), CBX1 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 10241-2-AP), CBX5 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 11831-1-AP), RPA2 (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 35869), RPA1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-271564), RPA3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 42206), HA.11 (1:1000; Covance, catalog no. MMS-101R), RFWD3 (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab222149), UNG2 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-390255), SMARCAL1 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-376377), Myc (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-40), Flag (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, catalog no. F-3165), extracellular signal–regulated kinase 2 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-1647), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 9718), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 80312S), phospho-RPA2 (S4/S8) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab87277), phospho-RPA2 (T21) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab61065), CHK1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8408), phospho CHK1 (S345) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 2348), ubiquitin (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8017), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-47724), CDH1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-56312), CDC20 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-13162), and His (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-53073).

Techniques: Recombinant, Phospho-proteomics, Derivative Assay, Control, Knockdown, Transfection, Mutagenesis, Two Tailed Test

( A ) PC-3 and U2OS cells infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3 were treated with or without HU followed by WB. ( B ) PC-3 and U2OS cells were treated with indicated agents followed by WB. ( C ) Representative images of normal, delayed or failed DNA replication restart detected by DNA fiber assay in PC-3 and U2OS cells. Scale bar, 20 μm. ( D and E ) Analysis of IdU tract length compared to CldU tract length from DNA fiber assay in PC-3 and U2OS EV and CBX3-OE (D) or CK2 inhibitor-treated (E) cells. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( F and G ) Stalled forks from DNA fiber assay in PC-3 and U2OS EV and CBX3-OE (F) or CK2 inhibitor-treated (G) cells. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( H to J ) Representative images of IHC staining (H) of indicated antibodies on prostate cancer patient specimens ( n = 40). Scale bar in 40 X fields: 50 μm. Quantification of γ-H2AX IHC score was shown in (I and J). ( K and L ) PC-3 cells infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3 were subjected to γ-H2AX IFC (K). The average γ-H2AX foci number in each cell was quantified (L). Scale bar, 50 μm. n.s., not significant. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( M ) Analysis of HRD score, LST, LOH, and TAI in prostate cancer samples (see STAR Methods section). ( N ) Analysis of the correlation between tumor mutation burden and CBX3 mRNA levels from TCGA prostate cancer dataset. ( O and P ) PC-3 cells infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3 were treated with HU (2 nM) for 5 hours followed by karyotyping. Representative images were shown in (O) and quantitative data were shown in (P). Scale bar, 10 μm. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001.

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8908

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) PC-3 and U2OS cells infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3 were treated with or without HU followed by WB. ( B ) PC-3 and U2OS cells were treated with indicated agents followed by WB. ( C ) Representative images of normal, delayed or failed DNA replication restart detected by DNA fiber assay in PC-3 and U2OS cells. Scale bar, 20 μm. ( D and E ) Analysis of IdU tract length compared to CldU tract length from DNA fiber assay in PC-3 and U2OS EV and CBX3-OE (D) or CK2 inhibitor-treated (E) cells. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( F and G ) Stalled forks from DNA fiber assay in PC-3 and U2OS EV and CBX3-OE (F) or CK2 inhibitor-treated (G) cells. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( H to J ) Representative images of IHC staining (H) of indicated antibodies on prostate cancer patient specimens ( n = 40). Scale bar in 40 X fields: 50 μm. Quantification of γ-H2AX IHC score was shown in (I and J). ( K and L ) PC-3 cells infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3 were subjected to γ-H2AX IFC (K). The average γ-H2AX foci number in each cell was quantified (L). Scale bar, 50 μm. n.s., not significant. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001. ( M ) Analysis of HRD score, LST, LOH, and TAI in prostate cancer samples (see STAR Methods section). ( N ) Analysis of the correlation between tumor mutation burden and CBX3 mRNA levels from TCGA prostate cancer dataset. ( O and P ) PC-3 cells infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3 were treated with HU (2 nM) for 5 hours followed by karyotyping. Representative images were shown in (O) and quantitative data were shown in (P). Scale bar, 10 μm. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were CBX3 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-398562), CBX1 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 10241-2-AP), CBX5 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 11831-1-AP), RPA2 (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 35869), RPA1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-271564), RPA3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 42206), HA.11 (1:1000; Covance, catalog no. MMS-101R), RFWD3 (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab222149), UNG2 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-390255), SMARCAL1 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-376377), Myc (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-40), Flag (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, catalog no. F-3165), extracellular signal–regulated kinase 2 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-1647), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 9718), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 80312S), phospho-RPA2 (S4/S8) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab87277), phospho-RPA2 (T21) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab61065), CHK1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8408), phospho CHK1 (S345) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 2348), ubiquitin (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8017), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-47724), CDH1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-56312), CDC20 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-13162), and His (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-53073).

Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Immunohistochemistry, Mutagenesis

( A ) Dose-response survival curves of EV or CBX3 expressing cells exposed to increasing concentrations of olaparib in PC-3 cells. ( B and C ) Colony formation assays from PC-3 cell lines infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3. Representative colonies are shown in (B) with quantification data shown in (C). Scale bar, 5 mm. ( D to F ) PC-3 cells infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3 were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of SCID mice and treated with vehicle or olaparib (50 mg/kg). Tumors were harvested, photographed and shown in (D). Tumor volume was measured in (E). Tumor weight was measured in (F). ( G ) WB analysis of WCL derived from PC-3 and U2OS cells treated with indicated inhibitors. ( H ) Dose-response survival curves of control or CK2 inhibitor treated cells exposed to increasing concentrations of olaparib in PC-3 cells. ( I and J ) Colony formation assays were performed in PC-3 cell lines treated with indicated inhibitor. Representative colonies were shown in (I) with quantification data shown in (J). Scale bar, 5 mm. ( K to M ) PC-3 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of SCID mice and treated with vehicle, CK2 inhibitor (75 mg/kg), olaparib (50 mg/kg), or combination. Tumors in each group at day 49 were harvested, and photographed shown in (K). Tumor volume (L). Tumor weight (M). ( N and O ) Representative images of IHC staining of γ-H2AX on PC-3 tumor tissues from (K) were shown in (N). Scale bar in 40× fields, 20 μm. Quantification of IHC scores (O). ( P ) Schematic representing proposed strategy to use CBX3 as a potential companion diagnostic for CK2 inhibitor to improve the sensitivity of prostate cancer to PARP inhibitor-based therapy.

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8908

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Dose-response survival curves of EV or CBX3 expressing cells exposed to increasing concentrations of olaparib in PC-3 cells. ( B and C ) Colony formation assays from PC-3 cell lines infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3. Representative colonies are shown in (B) with quantification data shown in (C). Scale bar, 5 mm. ( D to F ) PC-3 cells infected with lentivirus expressing EV or CBX3 were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of SCID mice and treated with vehicle or olaparib (50 mg/kg). Tumors were harvested, photographed and shown in (D). Tumor volume was measured in (E). Tumor weight was measured in (F). ( G ) WB analysis of WCL derived from PC-3 and U2OS cells treated with indicated inhibitors. ( H ) Dose-response survival curves of control or CK2 inhibitor treated cells exposed to increasing concentrations of olaparib in PC-3 cells. ( I and J ) Colony formation assays were performed in PC-3 cell lines treated with indicated inhibitor. Representative colonies were shown in (I) with quantification data shown in (J). Scale bar, 5 mm. ( K to M ) PC-3 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of SCID mice and treated with vehicle, CK2 inhibitor (75 mg/kg), olaparib (50 mg/kg), or combination. Tumors in each group at day 49 were harvested, and photographed shown in (K). Tumor volume (L). Tumor weight (M). ( N and O ) Representative images of IHC staining of γ-H2AX on PC-3 tumor tissues from (K) were shown in (N). Scale bar in 40× fields, 20 μm. Quantification of IHC scores (O). ( P ) Schematic representing proposed strategy to use CBX3 as a potential companion diagnostic for CK2 inhibitor to improve the sensitivity of prostate cancer to PARP inhibitor-based therapy.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were CBX3 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-398562), CBX1 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 10241-2-AP), CBX5 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 11831-1-AP), RPA2 (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 35869), RPA1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-271564), RPA3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 42206), HA.11 (1:1000; Covance, catalog no. MMS-101R), RFWD3 (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab222149), UNG2 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-390255), SMARCAL1 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-376377), Myc (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-40), Flag (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, catalog no. F-3165), extracellular signal–regulated kinase 2 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-1647), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 9718), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 80312S), phospho-RPA2 (S4/S8) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab87277), phospho-RPA2 (T21) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab61065), CHK1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8408), phospho CHK1 (S345) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 2348), ubiquitin (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8017), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-47724), CDH1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-56312), CDC20 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-13162), and His (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-53073).

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Injection, Derivative Assay, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Diagnostic Assay

Under normal conditions, phosphorylation of CBX3 serine-95 by CK2 kinase augments CDH1-mediated CBX3 degradation and RPA2 dynamics at stalled replication forks, thereby promoting replication restart. However, prostate cancer–associated amplification or CK2 inhibitor–induced CBX3 high expression inhibits RFWD3 binding with RPA2, which consequently traps RPA2 at stalled replication forks, resulting in replication stress and enabling synthetic lethality to PARP inhibition.

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: CK2-dependent degradation of CBX3 dictates replication fork stalling and PARP inhibitor sensitivity

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Under normal conditions, phosphorylation of CBX3 serine-95 by CK2 kinase augments CDH1-mediated CBX3 degradation and RPA2 dynamics at stalled replication forks, thereby promoting replication restart. However, prostate cancer–associated amplification or CK2 inhibitor–induced CBX3 high expression inhibits RFWD3 binding with RPA2, which consequently traps RPA2 at stalled replication forks, resulting in replication stress and enabling synthetic lethality to PARP inhibition.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were CBX3 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-398562), CBX1 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 10241-2-AP), CBX5 (1:1000; Proteintech Group catalog no. 11831-1-AP), RPA2 (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 35869), RPA1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-271564), RPA3 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 42206), HA.11 (1:1000; Covance, catalog no. MMS-101R), RFWD3 (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab222149), UNG2 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-390255), SMARCAL1 (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-376377), Myc (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-40), Flag (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich, catalog no. F-3165), extracellular signal–regulated kinase 2 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-1647), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 9718), phospho Histone H2A.X (S139) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 80312S), phospho-RPA2 (S4/S8) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab87277), phospho-RPA2 (T21) (1:1000; Abcam, catalog no. ab61065), CHK1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8408), phospho CHK1 (S345) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, catalog no. 2348), ubiquitin (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-8017), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-47724), CDH1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-56312), CDC20 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-13162), and His (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, catalog no. sc-53073).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Amplification, Expressing, Binding Assay, Inhibition

Persistent hyperemic foci exhibit evidence of dermal senescence. ( A – E ) Dermal cells in areas of high Hgb content exhibit a heterochromatin pattern of DAPI staining. After excision of skin from mice treated with and without UV at 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments, the sections were stained with DAPI to better demonstrate nuclear morphology. Nuclei of dermal cells showing a heterochromatin staining pattern are shown by white arrows while nuclei exhibiting a euchromatin pattern of DAPI staining are shown by yellow arrows. The hatched white line outlines the epidermal-dermal junction. The white scale bar represents 50 µm. ( A ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( B ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( C ) Control non-UV treated skin. ( D ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. ( E ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. (F – J ) Representative photomigrographs of skin following immunolabeling with anti-p16 INK4a antibodies. ( F ) Control non-UV treated epidermis. ( G , H ) Skin excised 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments from an area of low Hgb content ( G ) or from an area of high Hgb content ( H ). ( I , J ) Skin excised from a low Hgb area ( I ) or a high Hgb area ( J ) at 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Black arrows in ( H , J ) show dermal cells with enlarged nuclei labeling positive for p16 INK4a . The black scale bars represent 100 µm. ( K ) HP1γ + dermal cells are increased in hyperemic areas at both 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Immunofluorescent (IF) labeling of formalin-fixed skin sections was performed using anti-HP1γ and anti-pancytokeratin (CK) antibody. The data depicts the % of dermal cells positive for HP1γ nuclear labeling. ( L ) Dermal cells positive for nuclear γH2AX are also increased in hyperemic areas only at 2 and 20 weeks post-UV. IF was performed for both nuclear γH2AX immunolabeling and CK. The data shown is the percentage of γH2AX + dermal cells relative to all CK negative cells. (ns = non-significant; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001).

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Evidence for a non-stochastic two-field hypothesis for persistent skin cancer risk

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75864-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Persistent hyperemic foci exhibit evidence of dermal senescence. ( A – E ) Dermal cells in areas of high Hgb content exhibit a heterochromatin pattern of DAPI staining. After excision of skin from mice treated with and without UV at 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments, the sections were stained with DAPI to better demonstrate nuclear morphology. Nuclei of dermal cells showing a heterochromatin staining pattern are shown by white arrows while nuclei exhibiting a euchromatin pattern of DAPI staining are shown by yellow arrows. The hatched white line outlines the epidermal-dermal junction. The white scale bar represents 50 µm. ( A ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( B ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments. ( C ) Control non-UV treated skin. ( D ) Skin from an area of low Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. ( E ) Skin from an area of high Hgb content 20 weeks after stopping UV. (F – J ) Representative photomigrographs of skin following immunolabeling with anti-p16 INK4a antibodies. ( F ) Control non-UV treated epidermis. ( G , H ) Skin excised 2 weeks after stopping UV treatments from an area of low Hgb content ( G ) or from an area of high Hgb content ( H ). ( I , J ) Skin excised from a low Hgb area ( I ) or a high Hgb area ( J ) at 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Black arrows in ( H , J ) show dermal cells with enlarged nuclei labeling positive for p16 INK4a . The black scale bars represent 100 µm. ( K ) HP1γ + dermal cells are increased in hyperemic areas at both 2 and 20 weeks after stopping UV treatments. Immunofluorescent (IF) labeling of formalin-fixed skin sections was performed using anti-HP1γ and anti-pancytokeratin (CK) antibody. The data depicts the % of dermal cells positive for HP1γ nuclear labeling. ( L ) Dermal cells positive for nuclear γH2AX are also increased in hyperemic areas only at 2 and 20 weeks post-UV. IF was performed for both nuclear γH2AX immunolabeling and CK. The data shown is the percentage of γH2AX + dermal cells relative to all CK negative cells. (ns = non-significant; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Immunofluorescent staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse skin following heat-induced antigen retrieval was performed using the following antibodies: HP1γ (Cbx3) immunolabeling was done using rabbit anti-Cbx3 (1:250, Cat#IHC-00204, Bethyl Laboratories). γH2AX immunolabeling was done using monoclonal rabbit anti-γH2AX (1:100, Bethyl Laboratories, Cat#A700-053).

Techniques: Staining, Control, Immunolabeling, Labeling